Iran Revolution Essays - Iranian Revolution, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Iran Revolution Iran is a nation situated in the Middle East. The principle source of salary for the nation is oil, the one item that had extraordinarily impacted its history. Iran's current government is run as an Islamic Republic. A president, bureau, legal branch, and Majilesor or authoritative branch, makes up the legislative positions. An upset that toppled the ruler, which was set in 1930, endured more than 15 a long time. Crane Brinton's book, An Anatomy of a Revolution, clarifies set of four stages a nation encounters when an upset happens. Manifestations, rising fever, emergency, and healing are the means that happen. The Iranian Revolution followed the four stages in Crane Brinton's hypothesis, manifestations, rising fever, emergency, and healing happened. Various manifestations prompted the disintegrating ruin of Reza Shah Pahlavi, leader of Iran until 1978. One of these indications is rising desires which can be seen during the 1960's and 70's. The rich Shah made room for the land change law, established in 1962. The land minority needed to surrender its property to the legislature, and among those deprived of land, were the Shi'ah Muslims. Iran's capacity structure was profoundly changed in a program named the White Upheaval. On January 26, 1963, the White Revolution was supported by the country. By 1971, when land appropriation finished, around 2,500,000 groups of the ranch populace profited by the changes. From 1960-72 the level of proprietor involved farmland in Iran rose from 26 to 78 percent. Per capita salary rose from $176 in 1960 to $2,500 in 1978. From 1970-77 the gross national item was accounted for to increment to a yearly pace of 7.8% (Iran 896). Therefore flourishing economy, the pay hole quickly enlarged. Select homes, extreme cafés, and night clubs and roads stacked with costly vehicles filled in as day by day tokens of a developing pay spread. This made an ideal domain for some contentions to emerge between the classes. Iran's exclusive class comprised of well off land proprietors, intelligencia, military pioneers, government officials, and negotiators. The Elite kept on supporting the government and the Shah. The laborers were survivor of unfulfilled political desires, reconnaissance by the mystery police, and the serious social and monetary issues that come about because of modernization. The white collar class supported communism over free enterprise, since private enterprise in their view upheld the first class, and doesn't profit the lower classes. The working class was the most alterable component in the gathering, since they delighted in a portion of the benefits of the tip top, which they might want to ensure. At the equivalent time, they accepted that they had been cheated by the world class out of a lot of the industrialization riches (Orwin 43). About this time, the white collar class, which included understudies, technocrats, and innovator experts, got discontent with the economy. The key occasion ought to have additionally balanced out the illustrious autocracy, yet the expansion in oil costs and oil salary starting in 1974 caused extraordinary swelling. This was because of the venture methodology followed by the Shah, which prompted a fabulous 42% development rate in 1974. (Cottam 14). Furthermore, as a result of the Shah's help structure which empowered the new rich to profit by expansion, the legislature exertion to manage swelling was careless. Poor Iranians and Iranians with a fixed pay endured significant misfortunes in genuine salary. Better ways of life were not, at this point noticeable. In this manner, most of the Iranian individuals built up a progressive inclination. As the working class got discontent in Iran all through the 1970's, the abandonment of erudite people could be found in incredible overabundance. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spoke to a significant part of the discontent of the strict division of Iran. For taking a stand in opposition to the Shah's dictatorial guideline, Khomeini was banished to Turkey in 1963. In 1965, Khomeini moved to Iraq where he turned into the focal representative for ostracize resistance to the Shah. On October 6, 1978, Khomeini was removed from Iraq and moved to Paris, where he was available to a bigger assemblage of resistance powers. He was additionally open to the Western Press. Khomeini lectured that he would dislodge the Shah and remove the outsiders. He likewise said he would uphold strict and conventional qualities, and divert Iran's riches from enormous industrialization plans and toward changes required by the normal individuals. All through the 1970's, Khomeini increased huge

Studying The Changes Of Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

Logical explores over the decennaries have indicated that clime adjustment on our planet can occur as a result of both anthropogenetic causes each piece great as regular 1s. The GSA, Geological Society of America, agrees with the evaluations done by the National Research board, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) and the National Academies of Science that the planetary clime has warmed and that the exercises that are human, in exceptional radiations of green house gases, is the main culprit of this warming has been taking topographic point since the mid 1900 ‘s. so as to see how and what is bespeaking planetary warming this paper will take a gander at climatic informations for The Wabash River Watershed that day of the months from the 1960 ‘s to the 1990 ‘s. The data involves both the H2O on a superficial level and that in the feeling that has been moved toward a month to month balance with respect to this part. This incorporates insignificant, maxima l each piece great as the mean temperatures for the month. In add-on, informations on precipitation which incorporates yearss of noticeable radiation, whole precipitation, overwhelming, moderate each piece great as the whole figure of yearss of precipitation. Included other than is the H2O balance informations for existent evapotranspiration, deficiency, overabundance and evaluated H2O flood, which is every now and again a placeholder for conduit stream informations. This data will sort out a balance for the perusing of temperature, precipitation and different elements and their relationship to planetary warming. An Earth-wide temperature boost findings: climatic informations from the Wabash River Watershed Atmosphere alludes to interminable and cut types of precipitation, air current and temperature. This contrasts altogether across various nations. Dissecting these changes and their derivations on planetary warming is a logical test. This is on the grounds that clime modifications obviously over a variety of clasp graduated tables, that is, from 10 ‘s of mature ages ( decadal ) , 100 ‘s of mature ages ( millennian ) and much longer periods alluded to as icy rhythms, for delineation, ice ages. Atmosphere other than changes obviously over a grouping of significant specific graduated tables that is from the neighborhood and local boundless to the planetary unending ( Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001 ) . By investigating this modifications so we can have the option to comprehend their relationship to planetary warming, an issue that is in the head of everybody ‘s going to in each aspect of our general public today, strategically, monetarily, mechanically and socio-socially. The climatic modification which can be or non be identified with planetary warming regularly decides the area and sort of human biological systems that are overseen by universes, for example, the handiness of rural land and it other than influences how, when and if enduring of stones will take topographic point, the kind of soil that will be signifiers and the rate at which this earth will be framed. Climatic change and subsequent planetary warming other than decides the quality and proportion of H2O that is accessible for use by universes each piece great as other life on the planet. All the more drastically is decides how horrendous tempests, immersions and drouths are ( Elzen and A ; Schaeffer, 2002, p.35 ) . Normal one-year temperature, Wabash River Watershed ( 1857-2007 ) The pointer shows an articulated expansion in temperature by an about an entirety of 0.6 evaluations of the period from mid 1960 ‘s to late 1990 ‘s. This figures to about 0.02 evaluations expansion each twelvemonth. As such this demonstrates the climatic adjustment in temperature in the Wabash River watershed is definitive of planetary warming. This is on the grounds that the expansion in temperatures is non precise with expected changes that happen obviously over clasp. Orchestrating to the Milankovitch rhythms, which show that the adjustments in the direction and separation of the Earth corresponding to the Sun history for the Earth ‘s icy rhythms, the Earth is truly going in the way that ought to do significant glaciations. As such the exogenous changes that happen in the sun powered contribution as an outcome of this marvel are non significant bounty to elucidate the temperature adequacy of the variances. The modification introduced is extremely little when contrasted with a cold musicality however the temperature increases are going on in a truly elevated rate. This is a pace of 0.02 evaluations per annum when contrasted with o.oo13 grades Celsius per annum that happen during intergla cial rhythms. These adjustments in temperature are as of now more than any that have ever been involvement with the days of old on Earth and as such this can just bespeak planetary warming ( Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001 ) . Precipitation informations Various perceptions of an experimental nature and hypothetical records focusing on the clime in this part, Wabash River Watershed, affirms an improving of the hydrological beat in the signifier of expanded surface and air H2O. This has been seen by the expansion in as far as possible, maximal and mean precipitation informations: substantial, moderate noticeable radiation precipitation informations, each piece great as conduit stream informations that are gotten from assessed, overabundance and lack H2O run off. The low quality and high frequence of the precipitation in this nation has brought about unnecessarily much vaporization something that has been connected with the ascent in evapotranspiration which in twist has caused little flood. The impacts of these have been a reduction in the found out and recorded waterway streams in the piece of Wabash River Watershed. Different indexs of planetary warming in the part are in the signifier of awful conditions. The part has experience 29 twister each twelvemonth with the pinnacle months being in the long periods of April through June which has 63 for every centum of the total twisters ( Lee et, al. , 2001, p.110-120 ) . Research shows that all together for the Earth to keep H2O balance, so the vaporization from the H2O natural structures around the universe must be adjusted by the precipitation into this equivalent H2O natural structures in addition to the count offs in the continentals land natural structures. The atmosphere should fuse simply 0.001 per centum of the H2O on Earth, an of import aspect of the hydrologic cadence. The expansion in temperatures in this part can be ascribed to the green house outcome. As such the hotter H2O surface in the part has made a fume pressure distinction between the H2O surface and the neighboring vibe which has improved the vaporization rate expanding different constituents that are in the hydrologic cadence, for example, the expansion in precipitation in the part ( Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001 ) . The nexus between the sweetenings in the hydrologic mood with planetary warming has been drawn from army exact hypothetical records and perceptions. For case, a planetary warming of around 4 evaluations Celsius is relied upon to deliver precipitation increments of around 10 for each centum. This expansion in precipitation is in the signifier of heavier precipitation rather than precipitation that is increasingly visit or that pre-winter over a more extended duration. Precipitation data from this part show the types of precipitation in the part have been portrayed by overwhelming storms that are less continuous and ordinarily do bold immersions. This falls under the depiction of the result of planetary warming ( Lee et, al. , 2001, p.120 ) . The part ‘s climatic data offers additional grounds regarding the modifications in the hydrologic rhythms. First the warming that has been seen in the part are pretty much totally brought about by an expansion in the part ‘s dim clasp temperature. The insignificant temperatures every day have expanded at a rate that is twice that of twenty-four hours cut temperatures since 1960, this is roughly 1 degree Celsius instead of the 0.5 evaluations for the twenty-four hours cut temperatures. This has been disclosed to be the outcome brought about by expanded overcast spread and additionally dampness during the dull combined with an option in vaporization during the state which makes a chilling result on the daytime land temperatures in the part ( this can be better clarified by using the depiction Idaho natural structure heat disintegrating after intoxicant is scoured on individual ‘s covering, go forthing the natural structure fridge after the technique ) . As a result of this the impacts of the planetary warming in the part, for example, more sultry twenty-four hours have non been experienced which does non mean that there are no planetary warming impacts in the part ( Lee et, al. , 2001, p.120 ) . Pieces of information from expand borne instrumentality ( radiosonde ) each piece great as orbiter informations in the part propose that the standard ( normal ) of H2O fume fixation in the mood has uniquely expanded. This is shown by an expansion in the whole of precipitation that is created by storms in the nation since the 1961 through to 1990. The Wabash Watershed part has encountered an expansion in precipitation wholes of around 10 for each centum on standard in the four decennaries from 1960 which has expanded the paces of precipitation in the part. This expansion in the last scarcely any decennaries is expected generally in light of the disproportional expansion in most extreme and substantial precipitation rates. This marvel is predictable with the expectations of climatic hypothetical records. The climatic data in this part show precipitation will in general be more when the standard ( normal ) temperature in a month is recorded as being better than average. This is steady w ith the expectations from climatic hypothetical records that have been intended to picture the pace of planetary warming Another file of planetary warming result on the climatic states of the Wabash River Water

The Girls Who Read Madeleine LEngle

The Girls Who Read Madeleine LEngle In a 2004 New Yorker essay, writer Cynthia Zarin recounts something a college friend said to her: “There are really two kinds of girls. Those who read Madeleine L’Engle when they were small, and those who didn’t.” I dont take this literally, as Im not much of one for grand-yet-arbitrary binary statements, but I found myself nodding along anyway. LEngle wrote revolutionary books; books that, to this day, remain unusual in many story aspects, particularly in her female protagonists. The girls who read Madeleine LEngle read books that could change the world because they could change us. LEngle was my first introduction to literary SFF; I am not entirely sure why I ever picked up A Wrinkle in Time to begin with. Was it the pink cover with the majestic wingéd centaur? Was it the curious title? I was immediately charmed by Meg Murry, a misfit girl like me who thought she was ugly and often acted out against her own better judgment. I didnt know as a child how rare it was to read a science fiction story driven by the flawed strength of a lady (much less a ladychild), but I did know that Meg and I were the same and that Meg did great, brave things even though she ran off at the mouth too much sometimes. I knew that Meg was great at math and that women could be smart scientists and do important work. I knew even that women could be powerful beings who sometimes have to save men. I knew these things before the world told me any differently and I am grateful for that. The search for a father, and disappointment in the finding, is a theme that runs through LEngles fiction and that could be taken both literally (as it seems she found her own father lacking, from what I have read about her) and figuratively (the religious aspects of her work). That I can relate to at least some of this is incidental and specific to me, but what I appreciate as a woman is her indignation in the face of disappointment. When Mr. Murry failed to save Charles Wallace from IT, when he nearly destroyed Meg with inept space-time travel, Meg questioned him brutally, relentlessly: how could you let this happen? Why didnt you do better? Published in 1963, a book featuring young girl questioning her father like that didnt jibe with the established social order; it still doesnt entirely fit. Yet there is no reason why this should not be; there is no reason not to question a person whose poor decisions are found wanting. Meg Murry-cum-LEngle gave me the tools to question my own life, which saved me from internalizing a lot of damaging ideas. Do better is a message that women werent allowed to give to men for a very long time, but LEngle put it out there plainly: if you fall short, you must do better. The idea that a father can fall short in the eyes of his daughter, the idea that he isnt protected by his position in the family, was a bit revolutionary in itself. I like to think that the girls who read LEngle absorbed this, even if we didnt consciously sort it out in our youth. I like to think that we absorbed that our lady-flaws arent necessarily flaws at all, that sometimes they can be world-saving tools, that they can give us power. Madeleine LEngle is a brick in a road that we have been laying for far too long and yet not long enough: the road to undeniable female personhood, where we will stand up and be counted rather than diminished or pushed aside. The girls who read LEngle may have laid their own first brick from her stories; I certainly did. Sign up to The Kids Are All Right to receive news and recommendations from the world of kid lit and middle grade books.

Five Year Career Development Plan - 1630 Words

Bylli All’s Five Year Career Development Plan Bylli All Human Capital Management/HRM 531 Dr. Penny Wilkins November 26, 2012 Bylli All’s Five Year Career Development Plan Introduction As I am currently the president and CEO of J-R Equipment, my career is where I always thought it would be. I was chosen by my mother to head this 50 year-old family business. My sole endeavor is to have it continue for another 50 years. More specifically, over the next five years my goal and base objective will be to rebuild J-R Equipment Rental into an efficient, consistently profitable organization which many families are supported with its growth. Heinz Weihrich (2007) writes, â€Å"Career plans are built on uncertainty; the future cannot be†¦show more content†¦Our computer system was upgraded just last year so I would believe that this system could easily carry us through this plan with regular updates. There are add-ons to the system that could be better utilized. In addition, certain competencies are required to fulfill the position of president and CEO in an effective manner. Competence defined is a gathering of functionality, involving skills, knowledge, and personal attributes, which, combined, establish successful achievement of activity (AdomaitienÄâ€", ZubrickienÄâ€", 2010). Adomaitiene and Zubrickiene also write that competencies and job experiences become a condition of personal clarity. The following competencies are required to grow as a manager/owner and thus have the company grow as well. An effective CEO must have the ability to understand, empathize, and assist in each area or department within the company to recognize its connection to other departments. I. Every employee has a role to play in the efficient function of the company, the awareness of each person and their role is a key component in success. II. A working knowledge of the company’s front office or rental software and its capabilities are vital to daily operations. III. A working knowledge of the back office systems and their functionality will prove essential for financial recommendations. JobShow MoreRelatedFive-Year Career Development Plan1145 Words   |  5 PagesFive-Year Career Development Plan Introduction: Career development is a continuous process of handling proactively work and changes in life in order to move forward and reach the goals set for a better future. It involves learning new skills, moving up in the position within the organization or altogether moving to new organization or even starting up a new business. A career development plan is created to set goals and how to reach these goals using your talents and skills in the working worldRead MoreFive Year Career Development Plan1049 Words   |  5 PagesRalph E. Blount II Five Year Career Development Plan University of Phoenix January 7, 2012 Eli Harden Introduction The intent of this paper is to give the reader a clear and concise idea of the path that I will be looking to take to get to my ultimate goal of attaining the title and position of Chief Operating Officer of a public transit agency. Career Goals and Objectives My primary career goal is to make to the highest position I can within my organization then possibly work my wayRead MoreCareer Plan For A Career Development Plan1228 Words   |  5 Pages Career Development Plan Vivian Morgan A career development plan will help you improve or maintain your current level of success and prepare for future opportunities. The career development plan will aid in enhancing my personal growth and heighten my career development. Goals or plans give you the push to move forward in life and to seek better skills that lead to top jobs and positions. This plan includes sections for the following process: 1. Assess my current state. Identify goals and objectivesRead MoreFive -Year Plan Essay1252 Words   |  6 PagesFive-Year Career Development Plan MGT/431 March 24, 2011 When developing a good five year career plan I had to ask myself where, I wanted to be in five years. This question would be critical for my future. When I was in school in thought, I knew my career path. I was convince I was going to become a nurse. As years past, I found myself moving away from nursing and interested in teaching. However, my transition would not be as smooth as once believed. According to Career vision, (2004)Read MoreStrategic Management and Product Attribute Design1359 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ WPC EXAM 1 WISH YOU GOOD LUCK! (Q1) According to the lecture on Scenario Development, what are the two basic methods of obtaining an informational interview? Correct Answer:   Ã‚   Be referred and a cold call based on research (Q2) According to the lecture on Product Attribute Design, the â€Å"product test market† portion of the Career Cycle involves: Correct Answer:   Ã‚   Getting your first job (Q3) Which of the following terms BEST fits the following definition by Anders Ericsson:Read MoreMy Nursing Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Nursing Practice1074 Words   |  5 Pageswell as through engaging in research to generate new knowledge which sustains nursing as a profession. Learning plan Career development is recognised as the realisation of personal goals and interests in one’s career (Kuijpers, Schyns Scheerens 2006). Thus, planning for my career direction, setting goals and knowing myself are critical for a successful career development. My career direction is set to be a clinical research nurse. 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Vance High School â€Å"is to graduate young adults who are self-directed, intellectually engaged citizens ready for college, career, and life.† Furthermore, it is a communal belief that â€Å"all students can learn and achieve at a high level; that an open channel of communication among faculty; students and parents is vital to cultivating student respect, responsibility, and independence; a commitment from all stakeholders creates a safe and nurturing environment through academicRead MoreThe School Improvement Plan Project1452 Words   |  6 Pagesaddress: http://schools.cms.k12.nc.us/vanceHS/Documents/Vance%20School%20Improvement%20Plan%202015-2016.pdf School Improvement Plan Project 1. What is the school’s mission statement and belief statement as it applies to the plan? The mission at Zebulon B. Vance High School â€Å"is to graduate young adults who are self-directed, intellectually engaged citizens ready for college, career, and life.† Furthermore, it is a communal belief that â€Å"all students can learn and achieve at a high level; that an open channelRead MoreUnit 27 M11257 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 15: M1 M1 – Access methods of achieving development needs within the time frame of the career plan Introduction For M1 I will be assessing methods that I will be achieving during the time period of my career plan. These methods will be based on my weaknesses and how I will be able to overcome them so my future plans can become more successful. I will also be comparing my career plan with my skills audit to see how they both perform in my future. Gaps in my skills For me to become a solicitor

The Rumor of Rapists Luring Victims With a Crying Child

Several viral messages that have been circulating, through email and social media since 2005, claim that gang members in various parts of the world have begun using crying children. This claim surrounds the idea that they are pretending to be lost or in distress to lure female victims to secluded places to be assaulted. Police have repeatedly stated that there is no evidence that such tactics are being used by rapists. This viral text and email rumor is considered false and includes several examples over the years, with versions from 2005, 2011, and 2014. See these versions below, review the analysis of the rumor, and learn how viral rape warnings can be misleading. The 2014 Example As Shared on Facebook ATTENTION ALL GIRLS AND LADIES:If you walk from home, school, office or anywhere and you are alone and you come across a little boy crying holding a piece of paper with an address on it, DO NOT TAKE HIM THERE! Take him straight to the police station for this is the new gang way of Kidnap and rape. The incident is getting worse. Warn your families and friends.Repost this please! The 2011 Example As Received Through Email FW: Fox News Alert - Please Read!FROM CNN FOX NEWSThis is from the County Sheriff Department please read this message very carefully.This message is for any lady who goes to work, college or school or even driving or walking the streets alone.-If you find a young person crying on the road showing you their address and is asking you to take them to that address... take that child to the POLICE STATION!! No matter what you do, DONT go to that address. This is a new way for gang members to rape women. Please forward this message to all ladies guys so that they can inform their sisters friends. Please dont feel shy to forward this message. Our 1 message may save a life. Published by CNN FOX NEWS (Please circulate)..**Please DO NOT IGNORE! The 2005 Example As Delivered by Email Subject: New Rape Case TacticHi everyone, I am not sure when did this happen, but it is best to be careful and safety comes first.She was just discharged from the hospital...Today after office hours, I heard from my sister-in-law that there is a new way to rape women It happened to one of our good friends The girl left the office after working hours and saw a little child crying on the road Feeling pity for the child, she went and ask what happened The child said, I am lost. Can you take me home please? Then the child gave her a slip and tell the girl where the address is. And the girl, being an average kind person, didnt suspect anything and took the child there.And there when it arrived the childs home, she pressed the door bell, yet she was shocked as it the bell was wired with high voltage, and fainted. The next day when she woke up, she found herself in an empty house up in the hills, naked.She has never even get to see the face of the attacker... Thats why nowadays crimes are t argeted on kind peopleNext time if the same situation occurs, never bring the child to the intended place. If the child insist, then bring the child to the police station. Lost child are best to send to police stations.Please send this to all your female friends.(my extra note: guys, please tell your mom, your sister, your wife and your girlfriends too!) Analysis of the Viral Message Rumors Even though recent variants of this rumor have been shared under the guise of police warnings or sheriffs department warnings, no reports have been found. This includes documented cases in which rapists actually used, or even attempted to use, crying children as bait to lure female victims. Law enforcement officials have repeatedly denounced these warnings as hoaxes. The earliest version of the hoax was forwarded in 2005 by a reporter in Singapore who had already identified it as an urban legend. Within a month it had made its way to South Africa, and by May 2005 more copies began to circulate from readers in the United States. As of 2013, eight years later, law enforcement agencies were still fielding inquiries about it from El Paso to Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. Viral Rape Warnings Can Be Misleading and Dangerous People sometimes defend viral warnings like these by arguing that, even if false in their particulars, they remind women to keep their wits about them and be careful and that it cant hurt. What weakens that argument is that the false warnings are, in fact, specific. To the degree that potential victims are persuaded to focus their attention on a crying child as a sign that an attacker may be nearby, the more likely it is that theyll be inattentive to other cues, such as real cues, that theyre in danger.

Macbeth William Shakespear Essay Free Essays

The tragedy â€Å"Macbeth† written by William Shakespeare portrays Macbeth as a man who was once a great hero, that falls victim of his ambition for power. This ambition is induced by factors including Lady Macbeth, the witches prophecies and the guilt and remorse felt by Macbeth in regards to the deed he was to commit. These are the factors that contribute to the downfall of Macbeth. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth William Shakespear Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lady Macbeth is characterized as an ambitious woman who can manipulate Macbeth easily. This is shown in (Act 1 Scene 5 line 25) when she says â€Å"That I may pour my spirits in thine ear†. She manipulates his self esteem by playing with his masculinity and his bravery. Lady Macbeth feels she does not have the strength to commit the deed herself and therefore becomes successful in altering Macbeths ambitions. She says ‘unsex me here’ (Act 1 Scene 4; line 39) meaning that she could never have to position of power and rank that she pushes Macbeth to strive for. Through the laguage technique of Euphemisms, Shakespeare shows that Lady Macbeth has difficulty coping and facing reality. An example of this is the text is referring to the murder of King Duncan as ? the ‘deed’. Lady Macbeth describes the action of murdering King Duncan through the words ‘to catch the nearest way’. The use of this euphemism to describe the action of killing Duncan can be seen as though she is trying to hide the harsh imagery of blood and violence in the action of murder. This is an example of Lady Macbeth’s diminishing sense of conscientiousness. The composer also uses vulgar language to express Lady Macbeths character. She says ‘Screw your courage to the sticking place’ in order to further manipulate Macbeth. Shakespeare uses the three witches to set the dark sinister tone of the play. They resemble fates, who sinisterly manipulate human lives and subsequently end them. Sakespeare creates a mysterious and ominous atmosphere, indicating that ‘Fair is foul and foul is fair’ which suggests a change of values. â€Å"And oftentimes, to win us to our harm,The instruments of darkness tell us truths. â€Å"(Act 1, Scene 3, Lines 134 135) The comparison of the witches to â€Å"instruments of darkness† reveals their truly foul nature. Shakespeare is implying through Banquo that the prophecies of the weird sisters will only bring about Macbeth’s downfall. In addition, since Macbeth listens to the witches, he can be considered an â€Å"instrument of darkness† himself. The witches prophecies are very powerful in their manipulation of Macbeth. Through equivocation, the composer expresses the theme of appearance vs real by making the Witches prophecies appear to be a good thing to Macbeth but in reality, they trick him into damning himself. The witches speak in rhyming couplets throughout the play, which separates them from the other characters. In act 1 scene 3 the witches greet Macbeth as ‘Thane of Glamis’, ‘Thane of Cawdor’ and as ‘King of Scotland’. This prophecy leads Macbeth to genuinely think about being in control and having power. The audience views the witches as evil, having the capability of casting terrible events. However the witches cannot force Macbeth to do anything that he does not want to do. They merely revealed the future and chose to confront Macbeth at a time when he is most vulnerable, after the battle where he is feeling very proud of his achievements. Consequently, the witches certainly did have a role to play in Macbeth’s downfall, but if Macbeth had been more concerned with morality and ethics and less concerned about having power, control, and becoming king, he would have ignored the witches’ prophecy. Prior to the murder of King Duncan, Macbeth is plagued by worry and almost aborts the crime. It is in Macbeths soliloquy, where the audience is made aware of Macbeths uncertainty about whether or not he should go through with the murder. â€Å"Is this a dagger which i see before me The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee† (Act 2 Scene 1 lines 41 ; 42) This extract shows how Shakespeare explores the theme of good and evil and how Macbeth is torn between the forces of good preventing the deed, and the forces of evil which seem to be aiding him in his crime. In this scene, Macbeth also says â€Å"A dagger of the mind, a false creation Proceeding from the heat oppressed brain? †. Macbeth wonders if this vision of the dagger comes from his feverish mind. He also decides that he is imagining things. He is not able to distinguish reality from imagination. It is obvious that Macbeth would like to think that the dagger is imaginary, but the guilt he feels at the thought of committing the evil deed is enough to make him think the dagger is real. Although the murder has not yet taken place, Macbeth starts to feel guilt and remorse and is concerned of the consequences that may occur if he does murder King Duncan. His weakness is ‘valuating ambition’ meaning that following the deed, Macbeth will suffer the consequences. The appearance of blood on both the hands on Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is an image that represents the guilt and fear of their brutal crime. In the use of personification, Macbeth imagines that the stones of the castle are alive and talking. His fearful imagination makes him afraid that the stones on which he walks will speak out and give him away, following the deed. Perhaps the turning point of the novel in which Macbeth kills Banquo; his loyal friend due to the paranoia felt after the deed had been committed. Shakespeare uses an aside to express how Macbeth’s character begins to deteriorate. This aside is crucial because it foreshadows future events to come. â€Å"Hear not my steps, which way they walk, for fear† This text shows how the composer has used various language techniques such as commas and punctuation to break up the phrases into regular patterns, creating dramatic effect. Shakespeare also uses irony to show how it is ironic that Macbeths quest for power and happiness would leave him weak and alone. Shakespeare uses this variety of techniques to portray how insanity had finally take over Macbeth and pushed him over the edge. In conclusion, it is evident that Macbeth is an ambitious man who is corrupted by the power he gains. The key influences that induce Macbeth into a down spiral are lady Macbeth, the witches prophecies and his own feelings of guilt. In the end it is Macbeths tragic flaw, vaulting ambition, which leads to his downfall. 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Human Resource Management XYZ Company Pvt Ltd †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management XYZ Company. Answer: Introduction XYZ Company Pvt. Ltd. is a company based in India that provides technical assistance and solutions to its clients and multinational companies based in China, America and Singapore. The company was started in 1967 and has been able to grab a significant share in the market. XYZ Company has an approximate workforce of 1,450 employees and works 24/7 to provide services to its customers and clients. Problem identification Of late, the company has been experiencing a steep rise in its employee turnover rates, which is causing trouble for the company as there have been a number of instances where the work operations have come to a halt because of shortage of workforce. The high employee turnover rate is also forcing the company to carry out frequent recruitment and selection programs, which is ultimately resulting in a loss of profitability due to increased operational costs. Causes of high employee turnover rates The company has been taking the issue of rising employee turnover quite seriously and has started analysing its human resourcemanagement practices to find out those practices that lack efficiencies and are not being able to help the company in retaining employees. The reasons for high employee turnover rates are discussed below: First of all, the company has Managementnot been designing and implementing sufficient training and development programs for the workforce since the past 8 months. The managers have realised that the employees are not being able to grow their skills and competencies and are lacking motivation that could have helped them in performing better. Lack of training and development opportunities is also killing the chances of career progression and growth for the employees. As a result, the employee turnover rates are increasing (Smith, 2009). Secondly, themanagement has not been able to provide the workforce with work that can increase their levels of engagement in the organisation. The employees feel that their work is boring, monotonous and is not challenging their skills and competencies. As a result, they are less engaged in their jobs and are switching to business organisations that offer better job conditions to them. Thirdly, the employees have also been complaining that the workplace environment is not interesting and is not helping them in growing. The decision making power is hardly delegated in the organisation and the employees hardly have a role to play in the business decision making process. They employees have also reported that the company hardly cares about their needs, which is resulting in demotivation amongst the workforce. Recommendations to improve the situation High employee turnover rate is an important indicator for all business organisations because it can not only increase the operational cost and have effect on the work operations but can also cause a significant damage to a companys market reputation. Some recommendations that can help XYZ Company Pvt. Ltd. in improving its employee turnover rates are discussed below: First of all, the organisation needs to design and implement a new performancemanagement plan. Implementing a performance management plan will not just help in fostering a workplace environment that is driven by performance levels but also help the company in analysing the training and development needs of the employees. By assessing performance of individual employees, departments and the organisation on the whole, it can become easier for the company to identify those areas where the organisation or the employees lack competencies and can arrange suitable training and development program that can help the workforce in learning the skills that they lack. Further, identifying the training needs of the employees and implementing training and development programs will provide growth opportunities to the employees and will increase their level of job satisfaction, which will help in reducing the employee turnover rates (Park Shaw, 2013). Secondly, the management needs to take necessary steps that would help in improving the job attributes for the workforce. The team leaders of the organisation should start delegating authority and provide a certain degree of empowerment to the employees so that they can feel a sense of responsibility and can show a greater involvement in the workplace (Mowday, et al., 2013). Along with empowering the employees in the workplace, the organisation should also start recognizing and rewarding those employees who demonstrate excellent performance levels and contribute towards the achievement of organisational goals and objectives. Such strategies will make the job more interesting for the workforce and they will show high level of job engagement and motivation (Jacobsen, n.d.). Thirdly, the organisation needs to review its recruitment and selection programs and start finding the right fit for the right jobs. Recruiting people that do not fit into the job environment or the culture of the organisation is one of the key reasons that can result into high labour turnover rates. The company needs to deal with those employees who do not fit into their jobs or the workplace and make sure that the next recruitment and selection programs are efficient in finding the right people for the right jobs (Krell, 2012 ). To achieve this, the company should clearly identify the job duties and responsibilities for various job positions and compare it with the candidate specifications, personality and skills to make the right choice. Conclusion XYZ Company Pvt. Ltd. is facing an issue that can be detrimental to its market position and reputation because of too many employees leaving the organisation. If the labour turnover rates are high, the company will not just lose its reputation in the market but even fresh candidates might not want to work with such an organisation that is not able to manage its workforce effectively. As a result, it is important for the company to identify the root causes of high employee turnover ratios and look into the above recommendations so that it can deal with the causes and bring down its employee turnover rations. References Smith, J. L., 2009. 12 Reasons Employees Leave Organizations. [Online] Available at: https://www.peoriamagazines.com/ibi/2009/dec/12-reasons-employees-leave-organizations [Accessed 11 May 2017]. Park, T.-Y. Shaw, J. D., 2013. Turnover rates and organizational performance: A meta-analysis.. Journal of Applied Psychology, March.98(2). Jacobsen, D., n.d. 12 SUREFIRE TIPS TO REDUCE EMPLOYEE TURNOVER. [Online] Available at: https://www.globoforce.com/gfblog/2013/12-surefire-tips-to-reduce-employee-turnover/[Accessed 11 May 2017]. Krell, E., 2012 . 5 Ways to Manage High Turnover. [Online] Available at: https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/pages/0412krell.aspx [Accessed 11 May 2017]. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W. Steers, R. M., 2013. EmployeeOrganization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism and Turnover. s.l.:Academic press.

Social performance of Unilever an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Social performance of Unilever Introduction: Need essay sample on "Social performance of Unilever" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Every business house, no matter how big or small it is, has some social responsibilities which are needed to be met essentially. The prime goal of a corporate house is not only to run a profitable business and use community resources for its own gain, but also to provide adequate return to the society by taking active part in the development of the society within which it operates. A corporate house should respect and protect human rights and take efficient measures to ensure that they are not engaged in any kind incident relating to abuses of human rights. Not only that, a business house should also work in an environment friendly way. It should ensure that environment does not get deteriorated by its operation; rather it should take some effective measures in order to improve environmental conditions. The United Nation has also recognized social participation of corporate houses. It has taken a huge step in launching the worlds largest initiative for making corporate citizen socially responsible by introducing global compact in 2000 which enacted some universal principles that corporate houses should follow in order to operate in the global market in a more stable way and to build more prosperous and flourishing societies. This global compact launched by the United Nations actually engages players in the private sectors to identify and spread good corporate practices in the areas of human rights, labor rights, protection of the environment, and anti-corruption. (Rasche 2009, 513) The global compact includes ten principles in the areas of human rights, labor eight, environment, and anticorruption that a corporate house should follows. In the areas of human rights, a business house should extend support and respect the protection of human rights within the area of its influence, and ensure that they are not engaged in human rights violations. In case of protection of labor rights, a corporate house should pay respect to the right of collective bargaining and the freedom of labor association, should eliminate all types of compulsory or forced labor, should engage in effective abolition of child labor, and should avoid any sort of discrimination with respect to employment and occupation. As far as the environmental issue is concerned, every business house should undertake precautionary approach to meet environmental challenges, should take initiatives for promoting greater responsibility towards environment, and should encourage the development and implementation of environment friendly technologies. And finally, in the areas of anti-corruption, each business should take active measures against all kinds of corruption including bribery and extortion. (United Nations 2010) This paper will try to analyze how far one of the worlds most renowned corporate houses, Unilever, has performed towards meeting its social responsibilities, in other words to say, this paper seeks to examine to what extent Unilever has been successful in adhering the principles of the global compact. Social performance of Unilever: Unilever is world famous multinational company that owns a number renowned brands in the market of food, home and personal care, beverages etc. It operates on a global platform with a well persified product portfolio including famous brand like Persil, Dove, Flora, Knorr etc. it mainly manufactures food products along with home and personal care products. Its market has become so huge that its market has extended to as many as 150 countries. It has a huge employee base including 227,000 people worldwide. It is fully multinational company in the sense that in every continent, except Antarctica, it has its factories and operational companies. Over the years in order to extend its market power it has been following the method of acquisitions and take overs. Through a number of big acquisitions it now owns as many as 400 brands. (Brands for Life (Unilever 2010, 1)) Being such a large corporate house, the corporate social responsibility of Unilever is also supposed to be huge and it has rightly recognized its responsibility towards the society besides fulfilling its profit making objective. But recognition of responsibility is not enough, rather it is necessary to focus more on those activities which can help identifying the company as a socially responsible corporate house. Thus let us look at the performance of Unilever towards fulfilling its social responsibilities. As far as the companys responsibilities towards protecting the environment is concerned, the company has taken some effective steps towards producing its products in environment friendly ways. For example, it has taken some effective steps towards fulfilling its commitment of buying required palm oil from sustainable sources which are environmentally certified in order to meet the requirement for its businesses in entire Europe, Australia and New Zealand. In 2010, the company has been able to secure sufficient GreenPalm certificates for buying sustainable palm oil. GreenPalm is actually a certificate program for trading in palm oil which has been designed to tackle all sorts of environmental and social problems that are associated with he production of palm oil. However, in spite of gathering enough of GreenPalm certificates, the company has been criticized by Greenpeace fro causing deforestation. In 2008, Greenpeace UK Accused Unilever for securing palm oil from those suppliers who produced palm oil in such a way that the rainforest of Indonesia got damaged. One of the palm oil suppliers of Unilever was also accused of deforestation for the plantations of palm trees which threatened a species of monkey. (Environmental sustainability ((Unilever 2010, 1)) Although there are some criticisms and accusations against Unilever in the areas of environmental issues, one vital point should not be ignored that in all these cases Unilever responded in a positive ways by searching effective methods which should adhere environmental norms. In fact, the attempt of securing enough of GrenPalm certificates is an example of such an effort. Apart from buying palm oil from environmentally certified sources, the company has also taken a vital step towards bringing revolution in the tea industry by making the commitment of buying all its tea from ethical and sustainable sources. Being the owner of the worlds best selling tea brand, Lipton, the company aims at getting all its tea bags environmentally certified in the global market by 2015. This move marks the first step by any tea company in bring new sustainably certified tea in the market on a large scale. The company has established Lipton as a potential brand which can reassure its consumer about the tea sources. It always engages in improving the quality of the tea in an environment friendly way. However, one thing should not be ignored that while the company has trying to secure its raw materials from sustainable sources in order to protect environment, some times it gets accused of dumping of chemical waste. For example, Hindustan Lever, its Indian subsidiary, frequently has criticized for dumping chemical waste even in those places which are protected nature reserves. (Environmental sustainability ((Unilever 2010, 1)) In spite of having some allegations in the areas of protecting environment, the company has been able to establish itself as the first company which has placed due care towards using environment friendly raw materials for its products. This would essentially increase markets for its products and make the company more profitable and thus stakeholder can now get higher pidends. (Brammer, et al. 2005, p. 13) Unilever is also very active towards extending help to the community within the sphere of its influence at the time of need. For example, on January 15, 2010, Unilever had made a monetary donation of $500,000 in partnership with the United Nations World Food Programme to the devastating earth quake victims of Haiti. The company is, however, sometimes criticized for boosting racism through its advertisements. For example, in a recent advertisement of its skin lightening product, fair & Lovely it shows how a dark-skinned lady who used to be ignored by her employers and other men suddenly becomes attractive to all men and get glamorous career, this advertisement seems to be demoralizing for dark-skinned women. Not only that, the company has also introduced a new ice-cream in Austrailia with the name Mohr im Hemd which was earlier used for a chocolate speciality in order to refer naked wild Africans. The company however, refutes such allegations and claims that it has used the name after conducting a broad market study without having any critical feedback. (Respecting Rights (Unilever 2010, 1)) As far as its responsibility towards protecting labor rights is concerned, some important allegations has been made against the company, particularly against its subsidiaries in India and Pakistan. These allegations concerned the issues of use of child labor, site closures, freedom of labor associations, and collective bargaining. Where everyone is soughting for banning child labor, being one of the worlds most renowned MNC, Unilever is accused of using child labor in its manufacturing units. This kind of incident may take the company to the court which would not be very good for its reputation and stakeholder might sell their stakes in the company in the fear of bad outcomes. However, the company has been able to resolve most the complaints. ((Respecting Rights (Unilever 2010, 1)) As far as the areas of protecting human rights are concerned, the company has taken some effective steps. A very interesting point to be noted here is that although the company is criticsed for using child labour, in some areas it has taken some steps to stop exploitation of children. Fopr example, in Brazil, it is working with local community and governments to eliminate exploitation of children in the tomato plantations of its suppliers. Since 2003, the company has been able to protect as many as 22,000 children. The company has also taken some initiatives to improve the health and safety of the farm workers. (Respecting Rights (Unilever 2010, 1)) Conclusion: On the basis of the above analysis, it can be concluded that Unilever is quite aware of its social responsibilities and has made several commitments towards meeting these responsibilities. In fact, it has already started working in these areas. However, it would not be completely right to say that it has placed responsibility towards the society over its profit making objectives as the company still falters in some areas in properly meeting its commitments towards the society. While in one hand it has committed to protect labor rights, on the other hand it is quite active in employing child labor as it would reduce its production costs. The company seems to be more concerned about building its reputation as a socially responsible company by making enough of commitments than fulfilling them on a priority basis and hence very often it is accused of encouraging racism, violating labor rights, violating human rights, damaging environments. However, it should not be ignored that towards protecting the environment it has seriously taken some effective steps. Works cites: Unilever. 2010. Respecting Rights. http://www.unilever.com/sustainability/employees/rights/ (accessed 6th august, 2010) Brammer, S., Brooks, C. and Pavelin, S. 2005. Corporate social responsibility and stock return. UK Evidence from Disaggregate Measures. http://www.hedgefund-index.com/brooks-corporatesocial.pdf (accessed 6th august, 2010) Unilever. 2010. Environmental sustainability. http://www.unilever.com/sustainability/environment/ (accessed 6th august, 2010). Unilever. 2010. Brands for Life. http://www.unilever.com/brands/?WT.GNAV=Our_brands (accessed 6th august, 2010). United Nations. 2010. Global Compact. http://www.unglobalcompact.org/aboutthegc/thetenprinciples/index.html (accessed 6th august, 2010). Rasche, A. 2009. Business and Society. Business Society 48; 511.

Where to order a perfect cover letter

Where to order a perfect cover letter Cover letter writing When you start looking for a job, you need to send potential employers your application work and a cover letter. The majority of students consider writing such letters rather complicated. Nevertheless, it is the most efficient way of presenting yourself. That is why you should write this paper appropriately to show that you are a suitable applicant for the offered job position. In order to write a good work, you should provide detailed information about yourself. Do not forget to describe your significant educational accomplishments. Remember that the primary purpose of your resume cover letter is to impress a prospective employer. If you do everything in the right way, you will be invited for a job interview for sure. Therefore, try hard to produce an exclusive paper that will show your valuable qualities.If you want to write a unique paper, keep in mind the following tips:Make a proper cover letter format. There is no need to use extraordinary fonts or highlight some words. State clear reasons for sending your CV to the chosen company. Indicate whether you are interested in full-time or part-time employment. Ask about career prospects. When writing a cover letter, you should inform the employer about the way you have found out about the position you are applying for. If you have browsed a website of the agency, the employer will understand that you have a deep desire to work in the selected company. You may also tell the name of a person who has advised you to send you resume to a particular organization. Grab employers attention. If you write a good cover letter, it will be read from beginning to end. However, if it is poorly written, an employer will put it aside together with hundreds of other job applications. When preparing this work, you should emphasize that you can help the company grow. You should mention that your resume contains more detailed information about your experience. Thus, a personnel manager will definitely want to read it. Demonstrate your abilities. This is a helpful piece of advice as well as the cover letter tips mentioned above. Make sure that your paper does not contain mistakes. In order to make your work superior, you may tell a joke relating to the job. Indicate contact information. Provide your e-mail or phone number in your cover letter.The best cover letter has to persuade the employer that you are the most suitable candidate for the offered position. Do not hesitate to display your great skills. If you do not understand how to produce an outstanding paper, feel free to turn to us for expert assistance.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 36

Strategic Management - Essay Example In this regard, the SWOT analysis combines two important factors that are external (Strengths and Weaknesses) and two that are external (Opportunities and Threats). One of the strengths for apple is its technological innovation. Apple has been able to create its position in the industry as the leader in innovation. As a result, most of the customers who are interested in technological products look at the firm as their first choice when it comes to these products. As Ahuja (2010), while using the SWOT analysis, the important thing to consider is to look at the strengths of a business. This is used to look at the organizational environment from within the organization and identify what works out for the business. These are the things that a business can use in its survival in the market. A business will determine its strengths with regard to how it stacks against its competitors in the market. For apple, they know that their strong brand is one of the strengths they can rely on. The other important strength for apple is its ability to streamline production and reduce cost, thus transferring the cost advantage tot eh customers. Apple’s main weakness can only be identifies by comparing it with its main competitor. When compared to Samsung for instance, Samsung has advantage in that it is located in a low cost economy where production can happen at less costs. Although Apple can still access these low cost environment by outsourcing, they still have a disadvantage. As has been identified, all businesses will have some disadvantage as well as advantages. Identifying the weaknesses (disadvantages) of the business is actually important in that it helps the managers to know what they weakest points are and so deal with them. The theory behind identifying the weaknesses of the business is that when a problem is well defined, it is already half solved. Identifying the strengths without identifying the weaknesses of the business can be futile. In this regard,

The impact of European settlement on Aboriginal people in Canada Essay

The impact of European settlement on Aboriginal people in Canada - Essay Example From fishermen on the coast, to traders for fur and other commodities, it is interesting to note that the story of the contact between Europeans and aboriginals does not start from the voyages of discovery but has its origins in the journeys of the Vikings. However, the real impact on aboriginal people only becomes clear when French and British explorers started making journeys into Canada rather than remain on the Canadian coast. Their journeys took them to areas where farm output was better and this allowed larger settlements to be created by the explorers (Schneider, 1996). The story of these connections between Europeans and people from the old world was quite similar to the situation which developed in America and elsewhere in the world. The aboriginals were struck with disease and conflict. Diseases which were unknown to them and for which their bodies had no real defenses were laid up against them. Smallpox and other ailments destroyed entire settlements of natives and they were not able to counter the disease with their medicine. As the concept of the disease and the manner in which it spread remained alien to them, they were also unable to take real precautions against the disease which spread quickly (Wikipedia, 2008). The aboriginals were also impacted in terms of religion and education as the Europeans attempted to civilize the nations of the new world. At the same time, there were several nations which were on friendly terms with the European settlers such as the Algonquin and others included in the Wabankaki Confederacy. With these nations, trade and exchange took place to a great extent which was mutually beneficial for all parties. However, the trade was often replaced with broken contracts and war. For example, the French were continually troubled by the Iroquois who had been given arms by the British in order for them to fight against the French. The

Psychology Essays Forensic Psychology

Psychology Essays Forensic Psychology Forensic Psychology: Critically discuss research studies that have investigated the psychological factors associated with police stress. There is a natural assumption in the public consciousness that being a police officer is a stressful occupation. It is thought that the effects of dealing with the kinds of people and situations that police officers are regularly required to must be stressful. This perception is not just confined to lay-people: psychiatrists and occupational physicians find that police officers are in the top three occupations that are reported to the Occupational Disease Intelligence Network (ODIN). Similarly, studies such as Schmitdke, Fricke Lester (1999) have found a higher rate of suicide amongst police officers than other similar members of a German population. In a recent review of 26 different professions in the UK, Johnson, Cooper, Cartwright, Donald, Taylor Millet (2005) found that police officers were amongst the top 6 professions for high levels of stress and low levels of job satisfaction. Like any area of psychological research, individual differences are going to be important in how a person reacts to a situation. There has been some research carried out into the different individual factors that affect police stress in a number of different police forces around the world. Many of the researched populations have not, however, involved the police, but the factors that have been examined are common amongst occupational groups. Amongst these, Clarke Cooper (2000) include Type A behaviour, negative affectivity, the locus of control, coping styles and psychological hardiness. Negative affectivity, for example, is a tendency in an individual to show generally negative emotions and reactions across a range of situations. The research has frequently found a link between stress and negative affectivity. Similarly there is a large amount of research into Type A personalities. Type A personalities are often impatient, strive for achievement and are very competitive. This facto r has been shown to be important in connection with stress. Davidson Veno (1980) report that 75% of a sample of police officers showed that they had Type A personalities not a surprise considering some of the job requirements. The idea of psychological hardiness has also been shown to be important in stress reaction this has been defined by Lambert Lambert (1999) as involving the factors of control, commitment and challenge. Control refers to the extent to which a person believes that they have an influence over the things that happen to them, commitment envisages an involvement with events that are happening, and challenge infers an approach to life that incorporates and expects change as a matter of course. Hills Norvell (1991) examine psychological hardiness in a sample of 234 highway patrol officers. The findings showed that hardiness as well as neuroticism (almost the same as negative affectivity) moderated the relationship between measures of stress and its physiological and psychological consequences. Much of the older research into stress in the police has concentrated on the negative impact of police work. It has tended to assume that bad experiences at work will tend to result in stress, which in turn results in an absence of well-being. This may not be correct, as research has shown that bad experiences do not tend to have a negative effect on well-being (Cohen Hoberman, 1983). Hart, Wearing, Headey (1995) wanted to examine, then, how personality, coping and work experiences affected well-being. 527 Australian police officers completed a Perceived Quality of Life questionnaire that incorporated a number of different measures including the Satisfaction With Life scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen Griffin, 1985) and the General Well-Being Questionnaire (Cox Gott, 1990). This research made a number of findings based on these data. For their first finding they compared the psychological well-being of police officers to other professions, in this case school teachers, tertiary stude nts and community norms. It was found that police officers showed similar levels of psychological well-being to these other groups. This lead the authors of the this study to conclude that police officers have normal levels of psychological well-being. This finding can be questioned though, as Johnson et al. (2005) found that teachers also tend to have high levels of stress and low levels of job satisfaction. Hart et al. (1995) are not making valid comparisons. That caveat aside, the authors did look more specifically at what factors were associated with higher levels of stress. Here they confirmed what has already been a consistent finding in the research that it is organisational variables that contribute more to levels of stress than operational variables. In other words police officers in this sample, as in previous research, found their police departments a greater source of stress than dealing with criminals and the extreme situations they came into contact with during their j ob. As well as these aspects, this research also examined personality variables, police work experiences and coping strategies to see how they affected well-being but no particularly strong findings were reported other than some moderate correlations. Findings about the importance of organisational variables over operational variables have also been found in a sample of police officers from the UK. Collins Gibbs (2003) administered a postal questionnaire to 1,206 members of a county police force who were constables and sergeants. This questionnaire attempted to assess the complete loop of the stress-strain cycle by obtaining measures of perceived occupational stress and perceived life stress. Further to this measures were taken of personality factors, moderators in the form of social support and the individuals shift pattern to look for a correlation there as well. In addition to these the General Health Questionnaire was administered. Collins Gibbs (2003) report previous evidence of two studies in the UK that found that levels of mental ill-health amongst police officers was between 17 and 22% (Brown Campbell, 1990, Alexander, Walker, Innes Irving, 1993). In this study, however, mental ill-health had risen to 42% of the sampl e suggesting that levels of stress, and/or its effects, had risen in the 10 years between the studies. In examining the cause of the stress, this study confirmed the result found in Hart et al. (1995) in finding that it was organisational stressors that had a greater effect than operational stressors. The measurement of other factors such as personality, social support and shift work did not provide any particularly significant results. For example little association was found between shift work and stress levels, contrary to previous research which has found it to be associated with higher levels of stress (Brown Campbell, 1990). A clear disadvantage of this study in being able to generalise to other police officers was that it was carried out in a relatively small non-metropolitan police force. Different balances of operational issues and organisational demands may be present. The authors counter this criticism citing a study into Manchester Metropolitan police force which found a similar concentration on the organisational issues (Crowe Stradling, 1993). Much of the older research on stress in the police suffered from methodological flaws, such as using incorrect measures and failing to compare police officers with other occupational groups (Hart et al., 1995). Brough (2004) researched police officers as well as fire and ambulance officers to compare the levels of stress and the response. It was found that levels of psychological trauma and organisational stressors were relatively similar across the services, while again, the importance of organisational stressors over operational stressors was repeated. Looking now more closely at stress, and what kinds of stress police officers have to deal with, it is useful to outline a model of stress to inform the discussion. Mitchell Bray (1990) explain that stress reactions can be categorised into three main different forms: cumulative, delayed and acute. Cumulative stress builds up over a period of time from a number of incidents, while both delayed and acute stress may have their primary cause in one particular incident, often called a critical incident. Police officers are often exposed to a number of critical incidents so the study of their effects on officers is of importance. The effects of this stress have been found to be considerable in many studies. One particularly strong type of reaction to stress is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which may be caused by experiencing an event involving the threat of death or an actual death. This is clearly something that a police officer is more likely to experience in their career with regularity than in most other professions. Ursano McCarroll (1990), for example, found that the handling of dead bodies and parts of bodies was a significant psychological stressor that caused psychological trauma. Stephens Miller (1998) investigated the rates of PTSD amongst a sample of 527 New Zealand police officers. They found that the rate of PTSD was similar to that experienced by members of a different population that had experienced a traumatic event of a similar nature. The majority of individuals in both groups recovered successfully from the experience. An important finding of this study was that a relationship w as found between the number of traumatic events witnessed and subsequent diagnoses of PTSD. Research in the UK has augmented these findings, Green (2004) reports evidence from Robinson, Sigman Wilson (1997) that found the prevalence of PTSD amongst suburban police officers of 13%, this compares to the prevalence amongst the general population of 2-3%. Green (2004) examined whether PTSD was any more severe amongst members of the police force, once established, than it was in the overall population. The study found that there were no significant differences between the two groups. A criticism of this study was that the number of participants was limited, with only 31 police officers and 72 civilians taking part. Still, the strong effects of trauma are replicated in other research: Carlier, Lamberts Gersons (1997) found in a sample of 262 traumatised police officers that, 3 months after a trauma they showed introversion, emotional exhaustion. In addition, at 12 months post trauma the y continued to have difficulty expressing their emotions, suffered job satisfaction and lack of social support amongst other symptoms. How police officers process traumatic events, then, seems to be very important psychological factor in the stress it causes. Karlsson Christianson (2003) examined the phenomenology of traumatic experiences in a sample of 162 Swedish police officers. The research found that all the police officers who took part were able to remember a traumatic incident from while they had been on duty. The memory of that traumatic event tended to come from the officers early career and usually involved all of the senses many aspects of which could be remembered in considerable detail. The fact that it was early events that most readily came to mind suggested that these had the greatest impact on a police officer. Karlsson Christianson (2003) also cite earlier work by Stradling, Crowe Tuohy (1993) in the UK that found that during the socialisation process into the police force, there was a change of role so that the individual had a more professional attitude to their work. This was often associat ed with a more cynical approach and self-perception. Karlsson Christianson (2003) make the point that the alternative explanation is that police officers simply become more adept at dealing with the stressful situations with which they have to deal. From this survey of some of the research into the factors associated with police stress it can be seen that there are many aspects to consider. Individual differences have an important role to play in reactions to stressful events. In comparing sources of stress, much of the research has found the surprising result that organisational rather than operational factors are more important. It is possible that organisational factors become more important as operational factors diminish. The research into the phenomenology and coping mechanisms shows that police officers perhaps learn how to cope better with stressful events. Despite this, it is clear that witnessing a number of traumatic events is likely to lead to PTSD. A large proportion of the research looks at averages over reasonably large populations which masks the fine-grain details that are better explored by Karlsson Christiansons (2003) study. A hint at gaps in the current research is provided by Johnson et al. (2005) which fo und that police officers at lower levels suffered higher levels of stress than those in more senior positions. These authors suggest that this might be the result of higher levels of emotional labour a concept that has not yet been carefully examined in this occupational population.

Andy Warhol – Paper

Consumerism can best be defined as the promotion of the consumers' interests and the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable. Andy Warhol was amongst many other artists who were attacked for their open embrace of consumerism. He liked the idea that consumerism could unify Americans' of all different backgrounds but he believed that there was a lack of creativity and originality in advertising. Warhol began to use everyday objects as his subjects' and built on the movement that was later to be recognized as one ignited by him, known as Pop Art.After Warhol moved to New York, work came quickly for him and within a year of arriving, he received huge assignments as an advertising artist for a variety of high standing clients such as Columbia Records, Tiffany ; Co. , Vogue, and many others (The Andy Warhol Foundation. ) Whatever Andy illustrated from shampoo to perfume, there was a sense of decorative originality and it made his work eye catching. He would place various objects in the advertisement and they always had a slight suggestiveness to them, one that businessmen would recognize and approve (Wren 7.Andy stated that he was paid well for his commercial art and whatever was asked of him to draw or paint he would do it, if they wanted corrections he would do it, and after all those corrections, the commercial art would have attitude and style. He believed that the process of creating commercial art was machine-like but it had feeling to it. Whatever he did was machine-like and it was that way because he wanted it to be, he believed that machines had less problems and he wanted mechanical depictions. Warhol was motivated by money and he wanted to be a businessman/artist.The goal of his art was to make a profit because â€Å"if business art doesn't support its own space, it goes out of business. † (Wren 12. ) Whorl's success as a commercial designer was due greatly to his ability to take the uneducated and unskilled collecto rs and throw them in to the most advanced and sophisticated social setting of professional alienation, this he called advertisement design (Sera 8. ) Then the idea of Pop Art came in to play. Andy Warhol became the symbol of Pop Art and almost single handedly modernized the aesthetic tradition in the art world (Fearer . Pop Art challenged the traditions of fine art by adding in the subjects seen throughout popular culture. Sometimes the subject of the Pop Art is removed from its context and combined with unrelated imagery and material. Pop artists created images that anyone walking down the street would be able to recognize in no time and because of this there was a sense of artistic piracy because these images were not coming from the artist's imagination but as something they see and select to make their subject. They were things that ranged from comics and shower curtains to liberties and bras.They were images of all the great things that abstract expressionists tried so hard to not notice at all (Wren 13. ) Andy believed that art should not be for the select few but for the mass of America to enjoy. When asked about one of his most famous paintings, The Campbell Soup Can, he said, â€Å"l wanted to paint nothing. I was looking for something that was the essence of nothing, and the soup can was it. â€Å"(Wren 21 . ) Although as Warhol said he prefers to leave his background as a mystery and whenever asked why he made a particular image he makes up a story.He seems to always forget the story he made up the day before and therefore has to come up with a completely new on the next day to satisfy another person's question. Andy Warhol bridges the gap between two primary poles in modern art and they are the formal/constructivist branch and the avian-garden branch (Mayer 32-33. )When creating art he would use silk-screens, which is a technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink.A fill blade is moved across the screen stencil, forcing ink into the mesh openings for transfer by capillary action ruing the stroke. Because Andy was not actually drawing on the piece of work, it lost all personal ties with the artist and when he would press the ink filled paper onto what would become the finished piece of work, the lines took an irregular form. Warhol uses repetition in his paintings to guide the on looker away from any feelings of empathy and intimacy. His style ends the need for interpretation because the surface of the work is a recognizable reality that still moves the viewers (Ere 9. Whorl's work can best be described using Plat's allegory of the cave that man is rapped in a shadowed realm and subjected to the delusion that the shadows are hardly distinguishable from the real world. In Whorl's paintings after-images of humanity are projected on a surface that has been altered through color and cosmetics so they become unlike real life. The reason he pai nted so withdrawn can be linked to his lack of social development when he was younger, he was unpleasant with his classmates, showed little to no appreciation or interest in anything, but he had always seemed to have a goal in mind.It is said that Warhol aimed to become eke Henry Matisse because he was so well known in his career that all he had to do was tear up pieces of paper and glue them together and they would become a masterpiece. Warhol aimed to have that world- wide recognition (Wren 12. ) He began to portray celebrities in his works of art. Although the works had very similar names, they were done in different fashions. This shows how Whorl's work began to progress and become increasingly experimental in such a short amount of time. Both paintings Double Liz and Double Elvis were done in 1963 and both were done with only the medium as a connection.For Double Liz, Warhol set two enlarged illustrations of Liz Taylor on a canvas that was primed with silver; there is hardly a contrast in themes and the figure blends into the background. He creates a rectangular form that is placed in front of the silver's background. Double Liz was printed on a single, continuous roll of canvas. When creating Double Elvis, he no longer wanted to show a surface tone and this painting shows Elvis slightly overlapping himself and his dealer Irving Blue was instructed to stretch and cut them to Whorl's desired taste. The two stars were united in an exhibition at theFreer Gallery. Warhol printed almost entirely on silver backgrounds during his most extreme phase of the exhibition's preparations which amortized his stars not on the â€Å"great silver screen† but in his silver silkscreen paintings (Can't 114-117. ) Warhol said, â€Å"No matter how good you are, if you're not promoted right, you won't be remembered. â€Å"(Wren 23. ) His statement is completely true and this is one of the reasons he took a liking to portraying celebrities in his images. If the celebriti es talked highly of him and created a buzz then he would be remembered Just as they would.Andy began his film career in the early ass's. He wanted to depict simple scenes of how people could meet each other and what they cool d discuss. Some films would be of Just one actor, smoking or eating, because people go to the movies usually to see the star. They were very raw versions of film. Andy wasn't doing experimental film; he was really experimenting with people and the way they behaved as a character. Warhol enjoyed making movies that had no script, especially no plot because if it had a plot and you have seen it once, then you wouldn't want to watch it again because you already know the ending.But if it is Just a conversation between two people, then you can catch things you missed the first time. A major theme in all of Andy work is that he enjoys seeing the same image or scene over and over again. He has been called boring because he likes the same things but whether it's in his prints or films, you can catch something new and different that you may have noticed the first time you saw them and it might evoke a different feeling upon seeing it again (Andy. The subjects of his movies were unlike those being made in the present day. They were really quite simple.What he created promoted the nonuser's interests, he created for himself but the public fell in love. Warhol was a visionary who used such a vague aspect of pop culture and turned it into a phenomenon. No matter which medium of art he chose to engage in, Whorl's themes centered on consumerism. His work was driven by the idea of being around celebrities and having money, Just a few years later he would become the celebrity and have the most expensive paintings sold in the United States. Works Cited Books: Can't, Hate. Andy Warhol The Early Sixties: Paintings and Drawings 1961-1964. Andy Warhol – Paper A fill blade is moved across the screen stencil, forcing ink into the mesh openings for transfer by capillary action during the stroke. Because Andy was not actually drawing on the piece of work, it lost all personal ties with the artist and when he would press the ink filled paper onto what would become the finished piece of work, the lines took an irregular form. Warhol uses repetition in his paintings to guide the on looker away from any feelings f empathy and intimacy. His style ends the need for interpretation because the surface of the work is a recognizable reality that still moves the viewers (Ere 9. Whorl's work can best be described using Plat's allegory of the cave that man is trapped in a shadowed realm and subjected to the delusion that the shadows are hardly distinguishable from the real world. In Whorl's paintings after-images of humanity are projected on a surface that has been altered through color and cosmetics so they become unlike real life. The reason he painted so withdrawn can be linked to his lack of social development when he was younger, he was unpleasant tit his classmates, showed little to no appreciation or interest in anything, but he had always seemed to have a goal in mind.It is said that Warhol aimed to become like Henry Matisse because he was so well known in his career that all he had to do was tear up pieces of paper and glue them together and they would become a masterpiece. Warhol aimed to have that world- wide recognition (Wren 12. ) He began to portray celebrities in his works of art. Although the works had very similar names, they were done in different fashions. This shows how Whorl's work began to regress and become increasingly experimental in such a short amount of time. Both paintings Double Liz and Double Elvis were done in 1963 and both were done with only the medium as a connection.For Double Liz, Warhol set two enlarged illustrations of Liz Taylor on a canvas that was primed with silver; there is hardly a contra st in themes and the figure blends into the background. He creates a rectangular form that is placed in front of the silver's background. Double Liz was printed on a single, continuous roll of canvas. When creating Double Elvis, he no longer wanted to show a surface tone and this painting shows Elvis slightly overlapping himself and his dealer Irving Blue was instructed to stretch and cut them to Whorl's desired taste. The two stars were united in an exhibition at the Freer Gallery.Warhol printed almost entirely on silver backgrounds during his most extreme phase of the exhibition's preparations which amortized his stars not on the â€Å"great silver screen† but in his silver silkscreen paintings (Can't 114-117. ) Warhol said, â€Å"No matter how good you are, if you're not promoted right, you won't be remembered. â€Å"(Wren 23. ) His statement is completely true and this is one of the reasons he took a liking to portraying celebrities in his images. If the celebrities tal ked highly of him and created a buzz then he would be remembered Just as they would. Andy began his film career in the early ass's.He wanted to depict simple would be of Just one actor, smoking or eating, because people go to the movies usually to see the star. They were very raw versions of film. Andy wasn't doing experimental film; he was really experimenting with people and the way they behaved as a character. Warhol enjoyed making movies that had no script, especially no plot because if it had a plot and you have seen it once, then you wouldn't want to attach it again because you already know the ending. But if it is Just a conversation between two people, then you can catch things you missed the first time.A major theme in all of Ands work is that he enjoys seeing the same image or scene over and over again. He has been called boring because he likes the same things but whether it's in his prints or films, you can catch something new and different that you may have noticed the first time you saw them and it might evoke a different feeling upon seeing it again (Andy. The subjects of his movies were unlike those being made in the present day. They were really quite simple. What he created promoted the consumer's interests, he created for himself but the public fell in love.

Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed

It was Homer Barron’s remains that lay on the bed in one   of the rooms of the old Grierson house, found there forty years after his disappearance.   The circumstances and events cited by the author of the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† point out to this inevitable conclusion.Only a person with an abnormal state of mind would suffer a dead man to lie unburied for years, mouldering right inside a room in her house. When some of the neighbours complained of the foul smell, Miss Emily acted as if nothing was wrong: the men who had surreptitiously entered her lawn to spread lime over the ground saw her sitting inside one of the rooms.   Unknown to them at that time, she was perhaps keeping vigil or visiting her lover’s corpse.That she would lie down with him night after night – evidenced by the â€Å"long strand of iron-gray hair† found in the indentation in the pillow beside him –   bespeaks of her utter loss of sanity, which was no t so visible at first. That Miss Emily suffered from emotional instability – a streak of madness in her – becomes apparent as the story unfolds.Cloistered in the ancient Grierson mansion, Miss Emily is seen as someone above the average citizen: her supposed lineage kept people at bay.   She ignored tax notices sent after her father died; either she did not comprehend, or she had naively believed the old tale that the townspeople were indebted to her family.   She is impervious   and cold, seemingly devoid of any emotion, as if lost in a   world only she knows about.We find the first strong evidence of her unnatural state of mind when her father dies: she refuses for three days to have him buried, telling the mourners he was not dead.   â€Å"We did not say she was crazy then,† narrates the author.   The people saw her grief as evidence of a despairing helplessness, feeling herself so alone, still unmarried, her father having driven away those young m en who had earlier proposed to her.We are told that Miss Emily â€Å"had some kin in Alabama; but years ago her father had fallen out with them over the estate of old lady Wyatt, the crazy woman . . . â€Å" Here is yet another hint that madness ran in the family.When she and Homer Barron are seen together, causing a scandal among the townsfolk, the Baptist minister is sent to talk to her.   The minister does not say what transpired during their interview but he refuses to go back (and talk to her) again.Perhaps the minister was taken aback by Miss Emily’s haughty demeanor as that she displayed when she vanquished the town officials who had demanded from her payment of taxes.   Or maybe the minister saw something frightful in Emily’s eyes that he refused to talk to her again.

Lyndon B. Johnson s President Of The United States Essay

Lyndon B. Johnson, the 36th president of the United States, was born in Texas, on August 27, 1908. Lyndon was the oldest born. Politicians ran in LBJ’s family; His father, Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. was a democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives. LBJ struggled in school as a child, but graduated from Southwest Texas State Teachers College. LBJ started his career in politics as a legislative secretary to the Texas Democratic Congressman. LBJ’s first campaign was in 1937 when he was twenty eight years old. He campaigned with the energy of 10 men; he spoke in every town in his district and made over two hundred speeches. In turn, LBJ was elected one of the youngest members of congress. One could say that LBJ had an obsessive drive to succeed. This is evident throughout his political career. LBJ met his wife Claudia Alta Taylor, also known as Lady Bird, in 1934. She used her inheritance money to fund LBJ’s 1937 run for Congress. 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